Maratuaba
MARATUABA®（玛拉图阿巴）是巴西药典中两种著名植物——Marapuama 与 Catuaba——的经典组合。二者对心血管系统具有积极影响，有助于血管扩张（vasodilation/血管舒张）并维持血管弹性。常用于血压升高时的支持，也用于预防一些严重状况，如缺血性心脏病，其急性表现——心肌梗死，以及脑卒中。
Muira-puama（穆伊拉-普阿马）植物具有显著的神经保护作用，可保护脑细胞（神经元）免受损伤，并支持神经冲动传导质量。它也被认为是少数能够促进中枢与外周神经系统中所谓“神经生长因子”（NGF）激活的天然来源之一。Muira-puama 常用于支持认知功能并帮助预防痴呆，包括阿尔茨海默病与帕金森病相关的情况。
Muira-puama 也被视为温和的中枢神经系统兴奋剂，可用于焦虑增高、情绪低落、压力状态以及睡眠紊乱。
此外，这两种树也常被联合使用，以提升生命活力并增强性欲。
Muira-puama（穆伊拉-普阿马）植物具有显著的神经保护作用，可保护脑细胞（神经元）免受损伤，并支持神经冲动传导质量。它也被认为是少数能够促进中枢与外周神经系统中所谓“神经生长因子”（NGF）激活的天然来源之一。Muira-puama 常用于支持认知功能并帮助预防痴呆，包括阿尔茨海默病与帕金森病相关的情况。
Muira-puama 也被视为温和的中枢神经系统兴奋剂，可用于焦虑增高、情绪低落、压力状态以及睡眠紊乱。
此外，这两种树也常被联合使用，以提升生命活力并增强性欲。
您可以通过我们的合作伙伴购买，并享受配送服务。
Muira Puama / Marapuama (Ptychopetalum olacoides)
Catuaba (Trichilia catigua)
Muira Puama（穆伊拉普阿马）或 Marapuama（玛拉普阿马）是一种生长于亚马孙流域热带雨林的小型乔木。它也被称为“力量之树”，因为该植物含有大量生物活性物质，例如：生物碱（主要为 muirapuamine）、三萜酸的复杂酯与植物甾醇、单宁、挥发油与脂肪油、脂肪酸、香豆素、黄酮以及皂苷等。
自古以来，南美原住民便使用 Muira Puama 来提升体力活动能力并用于治疗性功能减退。在巴西植物疗法中，Muira Puama 享有“强效催情剂”的声誉，也被作为滋补剂使用，以在压力时期提升体力与脑力活动。
自古以来，南美原住民便使用 Muira Puama 来提升体力活动能力并用于治疗性功能减退。在巴西植物疗法中，Muira Puama 享有“强效催情剂”的声誉，也被作为滋补剂使用，以在压力时期提升体力与脑力活动。
在研究该植物用于治疗与改善神经退行性状态的潜力时，科学家指出，其活性成分可能对中枢神经系统产生积极影响，抑制抑郁状态，并对机体呈现益智（nootropic）、适应原（adaptogenic）与神经保护等作用。
在南美，“Catuaba”这一统称往往指代几种具有相似性质、但有效性强弱不一的植物。在 MARATUABA® 的生产中，我们使用 Trichilia catigua——一种小乔木，分布于玻利维亚、阿根廷北部，以及巴西的塞拉（Cerrado）和大西洋沿岸森林（Atlantic Forest）。
Catuaba 中的生物活性成分包括：生物碱、单宁、植物甾醇（包括 β-谷甾醇），以及表儿茶素类成分：catiguainin A、catiguainin B。此外，还从 T. catigua 的树皮中分离出 4 种黄烷木脂素：cinchonain-Ia、cinchonain-Ib、cinchonain-Ic 与 cinchonain-Id。
在北美与南美国家，Catuaba 被广泛用作强心剂；也作为缓解脑力过度疲劳的兴奋剂，用于体育训练支持、睡眠紊乱、疲劳与性欲下降等情况。研究指出，在神经紧张加剧的条件下，Catuaba 可作为适应原（adaptogen）发挥作用，有助于改善体能与认知功能，并促进性活动。
在对该植物的研究过程中，科学家发现，以 T. catigua 树皮制备的提取物具有抗抑郁、抗氧化、抗伤害感受（antinociceptive）以及血管舒张（vasorelaxant）等特性；观察到的效应与其释放一氧化氮（NO）及一氧化氮衍生物有关。
值得注意的是，一氧化氮是一种天然气体，有助于维持血管弹性与扩张、提高血液含氧量、抑制血栓形成，并减轻应激激素的不良影响。研究也指出，一氧化氮对勃起效率与睾酮生成具有积极作用，从而有助于肌肉增长并提升运动中的力量表现。
在北美与南美国家，Catuaba 被广泛用作强心剂；也作为缓解脑力过度疲劳的兴奋剂，用于体育训练支持、睡眠紊乱、疲劳与性欲下降等情况。研究指出，在神经紧张加剧的条件下，Catuaba 可作为适应原（adaptogen）发挥作用，有助于改善体能与认知功能，并促进性活动。
在对该植物的研究过程中，科学家发现，以 T. catigua 树皮制备的提取物具有抗抑郁、抗氧化、抗伤害感受（antinociceptive）以及血管舒张（vasorelaxant）等特性；观察到的效应与其释放一氧化氮（NO）及一氧化氮衍生物有关。
值得注意的是，一氧化氮是一种天然气体，有助于维持血管弹性与扩张、提高血液含氧量、抑制血栓形成，并减轻应激激素的不良影响。研究也指出，一氧化氮对勃起效率与睾酮生成具有积极作用，从而有助于肌肉增长并提升运动中的力量表现。
参考文献
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7. Gaurang R Shah, Manojkumar V Chaudhari, Suresh B Patankar, Shrikant V Pensalwar4, Vilas P Sabale, Navneet A Sonawane. Evaluation of a multi-herb supplement for erectile dysfunction: a randomized double-blind,placebo-controlled study// Shah et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012, 12:155, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/12/155
8. СГР № RU.77.99.11.003.Е.014096.04.11 от 08.04.2011
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10. Tobias S. Köhler, Kevin T. McVary. Contemporary Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Clinical Guide, p. 144//Springer, 2016. ISBN 3319315870, 9783319315874
11. Mendes FR, Carlini EA, Brazilian plants as possible adaptogens: an ethnopharmacological survey ofbooks edited in Brazil, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007, 109(3), 493-500
12. Piato AL, Rizon LP, Martins BS, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E (2009) Antidepressant profile of Ptychopetalum
olacoides Bentham (Marapuama) in mice. Phytother Res 23(4):519–524
13. A.L. Piato, B.C. Detanico, V.M. Linck, A.P. Herrmann, D.S. Nunes, E Elisabetsky. Anti-stress effects of the
"tonic"Ptychopetalum olacoides (Marapuama) in mice // Phytomedicine. 2010 Mar;17(3-4):248-53.
14. I.R. Siqueira, C Fochesatto, I L S Torres, A L da Silva, D S Nunes, E Elisabetsky, C A Netto. Antioxidant activities
of Ptychopetalum olacoides ("muirapuama") in mice brain // Phytomedicine. 2007 Nov;14(11):763-9. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.12.007. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
15. Figueiró M, Ilha J, Linck VM, Herrmann AP, Nardin P, Menezes CB, Achaval M, Gonçalves CA, Porciúncula LO,
Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. The Amazonian herbal Marapuama attenuates cognitive impairment and neuroglial degeneration in a mouse
Alzheimer model. Phytomedicine. 2011 Feb 15;18(4):327-33. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.07.013. Epub 2010 Aug 23.
16. Figueiró M, Ilha J, etc. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in cognition-relevant brain areas of mice treated with a
nootropic Amazonian herbal (Marapuama) // Phytomedicine, 2010 Oct;17(12):956-62.
17. da Silva AL, Piato AL, Bardini S, Netto CA, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E Memory retrieval improvement by
Ptychopetalum olacoides in young and aging mice.// J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Dec;95(2-3):199-203. doi:
10.1016/j.jep.2004.07.019.PMID: 15507336
18. da Silva AL, Piato AL, Ferreira JG, Martins BS, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. Promnesic effects of Ptychopetalum
olacoides in aversive and non-aversive learning paradigms.// J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Feb 12;109(3):449-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.08.022. Epub 2006 Aug 30.PMID: 17023132
19. da Silva AL, Ferreira JG, da Silva Martins B, Oliveira S, Mai N, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. Serotonin receptors
contribute to the promnesic effects of P. olacoides (Marapuama). // Physiol Behav. 2008 Sep 3;95(1-2):88-92. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.04.022. Epub 2008 May 1.PMID: 18561960
20. da Silva AL, Silva Martins Bd, Linck Vde M, Herrmann AP, Mai N, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. MK801- and
scopolamine-induced amnesias are reversed by an Amazonian herbal locally used as a "brain tonic".
21. Beltrame FL, Filho ER, Barros FA, Cortez DA, Cass QB, A validated higher-performance liquid chromatography
method for quantification of cinchonain Ib in bark and phytopharmaceuticals of Trichilia catigua used as Catuaba, Journal of
Chromatography, 2006,1119(1-2), 257-263;
22. Boquett Lagos J., Bruel Gemin C.A., de Fátima Gaspari Dias J., Dallarmi Miguel M., Campos R., de Souza
Carvalho J.L., do Rocio Duarte M. Gomes M.O. Contribution to the Study of Phytosterols and Phenolics from the Barks and Leaves of
the Trichilia catigua A. Juss., Meliaceae // Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation, 2012, 2, 37-41
23. Tang W., Hioki H., Harada K., Kubo M., Fukuyama Y. Antioxidant phenylpropanoid-substituted epicatechins from Trichilia catigua. // J. Nat. Prod. 2007, 70(12), рр.2010-2013.
24. Rafael C. Dutra, Maria M. Camposc, Adair R.S. Santos, João B. Calixto. Medicinal plants in Brazil: Pharmacological studies, drug discovery, challenges and perspectives // Pharmacological Research 112 (2016) 4–29
25. Longhini R, Lonni AASG, Sereia AL, Krzyzaniak LM, Lopes GC, de Mello JCP. Trichilia catigua: therapeutic and
cosmetic values. Braz J Pharmacogn. 2017;27:254–71;
26. Kamdem JP, Olalekan EO, Hassan W, Kade IJ, Yetunde O, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Souza DO, Rocha JBT. Trichilia
catigua (Catuaba) bark extract exerts neuroprotection against oxidative stress induced by different neurotoxic agents in rat hippocampal
slices. Ind Crop Prod. 2013;50:625–32;
27. Chassot JM, Longhini R, Gazarini L, Mello JCP, De Oliveira RMW. Preclinical evaluation of Trichilia catigua extracts on
the central nervous system of mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;137:1143–8;
28. Martins NO, de Brito IM, Araujo SSO, Negri G, Carlini EA, Mendes FR (2018) Antioxidant, anticholinesterase and
antifatigue effects of Trichilia catigua (catuaba). BMC Complement Alternat Med 18:172.
29. Kletter C, Glasi S, Presser A, Werner I, Reznicek G etal, Morphological, chemical and functional analysis of catuaba
preparations, Planta Medica, 2004, 70(10), 993-1000.
30. Mendes FR, Carlini EA, Brazilian plants as possible adaptogens: an ethnopharmacological survey of books edited in
Brazil, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007, 109(3), 493-500;
31. Chassot JM, Longhini R, Gazarini L, Mello JC, de Oliveira RM, Preclinical evaluation of Trichilia catigua extracts on the central nervous system of mice, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011, 137(3), 1143-1148.
32. Viana AF, Maciel IS, Motta EM, Leal PC, Pianowski L, Campos MM, Calixto JB. Antinociceptive activity of Trichilia catigua hydroalcoholic extract: new evidence on its dopaminergic effects. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2011;
33. Truiti M.T., Soares L., Longhini R., Milani H., Nakamura C.V., Mello J.C., de Oliveira R.M. Trichilia catigua ethyl-acetate
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37. Патентные описания к заявкам WO2007016756A1 https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2007016756A1/en и DE10140320A1 https://patents.google.com/patent/DE10140320A1/en
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42. Longhini R, Lonni AASG, Sereia AL, Krzyzaniak LM, Lopes GC, de Mello JCP. Trichilia catigua: therapeutic and
cosmetic values. Braz J Pharmacogn. 2017;27:254–71
5. R. Shamloul, “Natural aphrodisiacs,” Journal of SexualMedicine, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 39–49, 2010
6. I.R. Siqueira,D.R. Lara,D. Silva,F.S. Gaieski,D.S. Nunes &E. Elisabetsky. Psychopharmacological Properties of Ptychopetalum Olacoides bentham (Olacaceae) // ISSN: 1388-0209 (Print) 1744-5116 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/iphb20
7. Gaurang R Shah, Manojkumar V Chaudhari, Suresh B Patankar, Shrikant V Pensalwar4, Vilas P Sabale, Navneet A Sonawane. Evaluation of a multi-herb supplement for erectile dysfunction: a randomized double-blind,placebo-controlled study// Shah et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012, 12:155, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/12/155
8. СГР № RU.77.99.11.003.Е.014096.04.11 от 08.04.2011
9. J. Waynberg, “Yohimbine vs. muira puama in the treatment of sexual dysfunction,”The American Journal of Natural Medicine, vol. 1, pp. 8–9, 1994.
10. Tobias S. Köhler, Kevin T. McVary. Contemporary Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Clinical Guide, p. 144//Springer, 2016. ISBN 3319315870, 9783319315874
11. Mendes FR, Carlini EA, Brazilian plants as possible adaptogens: an ethnopharmacological survey ofbooks edited in Brazil, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007, 109(3), 493-500
12. Piato AL, Rizon LP, Martins BS, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E (2009) Antidepressant profile of Ptychopetalum
olacoides Bentham (Marapuama) in mice. Phytother Res 23(4):519–524
13. A.L. Piato, B.C. Detanico, V.M. Linck, A.P. Herrmann, D.S. Nunes, E Elisabetsky. Anti-stress effects of the
"tonic"Ptychopetalum olacoides (Marapuama) in mice // Phytomedicine. 2010 Mar;17(3-4):248-53.
14. I.R. Siqueira, C Fochesatto, I L S Torres, A L da Silva, D S Nunes, E Elisabetsky, C A Netto. Antioxidant activities
of Ptychopetalum olacoides ("muirapuama") in mice brain // Phytomedicine. 2007 Nov;14(11):763-9. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.12.007. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
15. Figueiró M, Ilha J, Linck VM, Herrmann AP, Nardin P, Menezes CB, Achaval M, Gonçalves CA, Porciúncula LO,
Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. The Amazonian herbal Marapuama attenuates cognitive impairment and neuroglial degeneration in a mouse
Alzheimer model. Phytomedicine. 2011 Feb 15;18(4):327-33. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.07.013. Epub 2010 Aug 23.
16. Figueiró M, Ilha J, etc. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in cognition-relevant brain areas of mice treated with a
nootropic Amazonian herbal (Marapuama) // Phytomedicine, 2010 Oct;17(12):956-62.
17. da Silva AL, Piato AL, Bardini S, Netto CA, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E Memory retrieval improvement by
Ptychopetalum olacoides in young and aging mice.// J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Dec;95(2-3):199-203. doi:
10.1016/j.jep.2004.07.019.PMID: 15507336
18. da Silva AL, Piato AL, Ferreira JG, Martins BS, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. Promnesic effects of Ptychopetalum
olacoides in aversive and non-aversive learning paradigms.// J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Feb 12;109(3):449-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.08.022. Epub 2006 Aug 30.PMID: 17023132
19. da Silva AL, Ferreira JG, da Silva Martins B, Oliveira S, Mai N, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. Serotonin receptors
contribute to the promnesic effects of P. olacoides (Marapuama). // Physiol Behav. 2008 Sep 3;95(1-2):88-92. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.04.022. Epub 2008 May 1.PMID: 18561960
20. da Silva AL, Silva Martins Bd, Linck Vde M, Herrmann AP, Mai N, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. MK801- and
scopolamine-induced amnesias are reversed by an Amazonian herbal locally used as a "brain tonic".
21. Beltrame FL, Filho ER, Barros FA, Cortez DA, Cass QB, A validated higher-performance liquid chromatography
method for quantification of cinchonain Ib in bark and phytopharmaceuticals of Trichilia catigua used as Catuaba, Journal of
Chromatography, 2006,1119(1-2), 257-263;
22. Boquett Lagos J., Bruel Gemin C.A., de Fátima Gaspari Dias J., Dallarmi Miguel M., Campos R., de Souza
Carvalho J.L., do Rocio Duarte M. Gomes M.O. Contribution to the Study of Phytosterols and Phenolics from the Barks and Leaves of
the Trichilia catigua A. Juss., Meliaceae // Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation, 2012, 2, 37-41
23. Tang W., Hioki H., Harada K., Kubo M., Fukuyama Y. Antioxidant phenylpropanoid-substituted epicatechins from Trichilia catigua. // J. Nat. Prod. 2007, 70(12), рр.2010-2013.
24. Rafael C. Dutra, Maria M. Camposc, Adair R.S. Santos, João B. Calixto. Medicinal plants in Brazil: Pharmacological studies, drug discovery, challenges and perspectives // Pharmacological Research 112 (2016) 4–29
25. Longhini R, Lonni AASG, Sereia AL, Krzyzaniak LM, Lopes GC, de Mello JCP. Trichilia catigua: therapeutic and
cosmetic values. Braz J Pharmacogn. 2017;27:254–71;
26. Kamdem JP, Olalekan EO, Hassan W, Kade IJ, Yetunde O, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Souza DO, Rocha JBT. Trichilia
catigua (Catuaba) bark extract exerts neuroprotection against oxidative stress induced by different neurotoxic agents in rat hippocampal
slices. Ind Crop Prod. 2013;50:625–32;
27. Chassot JM, Longhini R, Gazarini L, Mello JCP, De Oliveira RMW. Preclinical evaluation of Trichilia catigua extracts on
the central nervous system of mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;137:1143–8;
28. Martins NO, de Brito IM, Araujo SSO, Negri G, Carlini EA, Mendes FR (2018) Antioxidant, anticholinesterase and
antifatigue effects of Trichilia catigua (catuaba). BMC Complement Alternat Med 18:172.
29. Kletter C, Glasi S, Presser A, Werner I, Reznicek G etal, Morphological, chemical and functional analysis of catuaba
preparations, Planta Medica, 2004, 70(10), 993-1000.
30. Mendes FR, Carlini EA, Brazilian plants as possible adaptogens: an ethnopharmacological survey of books edited in
Brazil, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007, 109(3), 493-500;
31. Chassot JM, Longhini R, Gazarini L, Mello JC, de Oliveira RM, Preclinical evaluation of Trichilia catigua extracts on the central nervous system of mice, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011, 137(3), 1143-1148.
32. Viana AF, Maciel IS, Motta EM, Leal PC, Pianowski L, Campos MM, Calixto JB. Antinociceptive activity of Trichilia catigua hydroalcoholic extract: new evidence on its dopaminergic effects. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2011;
33. Truiti M.T., Soares L., Longhini R., Milani H., Nakamura C.V., Mello J.C., de Oliveira R.M. Trichilia catigua ethyl-acetate
fraction protects against cognitive impairments and hippocampal cell death induced by bilateral common carotid occlusion in mice. // J.
Ethnopharmacol. 2015, 172, рр.232-237;
34. Campos MM, Fernandes ES, Ferreira J, Santos ARS, Calixto JB. Antidepressant-like effects of Trichilia catigua
(Catuaba) extract: evidence for dopaminergic-mediated mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005;182:45–53.
35. Viana AF, Maciel IS, Motta EM, Leal PC, Pianowski L, Campos MM, Calixto JB. Antinociceptive activity of Trichilia catigua hydroalcoholic extract: new evidence on its dopaminergic effects. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2011
36. Patent Publication Number WO/1999/002172. Publication Date21.01.1999. PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
COMPRISING VEGETAL MATERIAL SELECTED FROM TRICHILIA.
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO1999002172&tab=PCTDESCRIPTION
37. Патентные описания к заявкам WO2007016756A1 https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2007016756A1/en и DE10140320A1 https://patents.google.com/patent/DE10140320A1/en
38. Oliveira C.H., Moraes M.E., Moraes M.O., Bezerra F.A., Abib E., De Nucci G. Clinical toxicology study of an herbal
medicinal extract of Paullinia cupana, Trichilia catigua, Ptychopetalum olacoides and Zingiber officinale (Catuama) in healthy volunteers.
// Phytother. Res. 2005, 19(1), рр.54-57.
39. Calixto, J.B., Cabrini, D.A., 1997. Herbal medicine Catuama induces endothelium-dependent and -independent vasorelaxant action on isolated vessels from rats,guinea-pigs and rabbits. Phytother. Res. 11, 32–38.
40. Ахвледиани, Н.Д. Эректильная дисфункция: современное состояние проблемы / Н. Д. Ахвледиани, С. Н. Алленов и др. // Медицинский совет. – 2015. – Вып. 2. – С. 28–32.
41. E. Antunes, W.M. Gordo, J.F. Oliveira, C.E. Teixeira, S. Hyslop, G. NucciThe relaxation of isolated rabbit corpus
cavernosum by the herbal medicine Catuama® and its constituents. Phytother. Res., 15 (2001), pp. 416-421
42. Longhini R, Lonni AASG, Sereia AL, Krzyzaniak LM, Lopes GC, de Mello JCP. Trichilia catigua: therapeutic and
cosmetic values. Braz J Pharmacogn. 2017;27:254–71
Muira Puama / Marapuama (Ptychopetalum olacoides)
Catuaba (Trichilia catigua)
Muira Puama（穆伊拉普阿马）或 Marapuama（玛拉普阿马）是一种生长于亚马孙流域热带雨林的小型乔木。它也被称为“力量之树”，因为该植物含有大量生物活性物质，例如：生物碱（主要为 muirapuamine）、三萜酸的复杂酯与植物甾醇、单宁、挥发油与脂肪油、脂肪酸、香豆素、黄酮以及皂苷等。
自古以来，南美原住民便使用 Muira Puama 来提升体力活动能力并用于治疗性功能减退。在巴西植物疗法中，Muira Puama 享有“强效催情剂”的声誉，也被作为滋补剂使用，以在压力时期提升体力与脑力活动。
自古以来，南美原住民便使用 Muira Puama 来提升体力活动能力并用于治疗性功能减退。在巴西植物疗法中，Muira Puama 享有“强效催情剂”的声誉，也被作为滋补剂使用，以在压力时期提升体力与脑力活动。
在研究该植物用于治疗与改善神经退行性状态的潜力时，科学家指出，其活性成分可能对中枢神经系统产生积极影响，抑制抑郁状态，并对机体呈现益智（nootropic）、适应原（adaptogenic）与神经保护等作用。
在南美，“Catuaba”这一统称往往指代几种具有相似性质、但有效性强弱不一的植物。在 MARATUABA® 的生产中，我们使用 Trichilia catigua——一种小乔木，分布于玻利维亚、阿根廷北部，以及巴西的塞拉（Cerrado）和大西洋沿岸森林（Atlantic Forest）。
Catuaba 中的生物活性成分包括：生物碱、单宁、植物甾醇（包括 β-谷甾醇），以及表儿茶素类成分：catiguainin A、catiguainin B。此外，还从 T. catigua 的树皮中分离出 4 种黄烷木脂素：cinchonain-Ia、cinchonain-Ib、cinchonain-Ic 与 cinchonain-Id。
在北美与南美国家，Catuaba 被广泛用作强心剂；也作为缓解脑力过度疲劳的兴奋剂，用于体育训练支持、睡眠紊乱、疲劳与性欲下降等情况。研究指出，在神经紧张加剧的条件下，Catuaba 可作为适应原（adaptogen）发挥作用，有助于改善体能与认知功能，并促进性活动。
在对该植物的研究过程中，科学家发现，以 T. catigua 树皮制备的提取物具有抗抑郁、抗氧化、抗伤害感受（antinociceptive）以及血管舒张（vasorelaxant）等特性；观察到的效应与其释放一氧化氮（NO）及一氧化氮衍生物有关。
值得注意的是，一氧化氮是一种天然气体，有助于维持血管弹性与扩张、提高血液含氧量、抑制血栓形成，并减轻应激激素的不良影响。研究也指出，一氧化氮对勃起效率与睾酮生成具有积极作用，从而有助于肌肉增长并提升运动中的力量表现。
在北美与南美国家，Catuaba 被广泛用作强心剂；也作为缓解脑力过度疲劳的兴奋剂，用于体育训练支持、睡眠紊乱、疲劳与性欲下降等情况。研究指出，在神经紧张加剧的条件下，Catuaba 可作为适应原（adaptogen）发挥作用，有助于改善体能与认知功能，并促进性活动。
在对该植物的研究过程中，科学家发现，以 T. catigua 树皮制备的提取物具有抗抑郁、抗氧化、抗伤害感受（antinociceptive）以及血管舒张（vasorelaxant）等特性；观察到的效应与其释放一氧化氮（NO）及一氧化氮衍生物有关。
值得注意的是，一氧化氮是一种天然气体，有助于维持血管弹性与扩张、提高血液含氧量、抑制血栓形成，并减轻应激激素的不良影响。研究也指出，一氧化氮对勃起效率与睾酮生成具有积极作用，从而有助于肌肉增长并提升运动中的力量表现。
参考文献
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2. Tang W., Harada K., Kubo M., Hioki H., Fukuyama Y. Eight new clerodane diterpenoids from the bark of Ptychopetalum olacoides. // Nat. Prod. Commun. 2011, 6(3), рр.327-332.
3. Taylor L. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. Square One Publishers, INC. 2005, 535рр.4. Farmacopéia Brasileira, 1926
5. R. Shamloul, “Natural aphrodisiacs,” Journal of SexualMedicine, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 39–49, 2010
6. I.R. Siqueira,D.R. Lara,D. Silva,F.S. Gaieski,D.S. Nunes &E. Elisabetsky. Psychopharmacological Properties of Ptychopetalum Olacoides bentham (Olacaceae) // ISSN: 1388-0209 (Print) 1744-5116 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/iphb20
7. Gaurang R Shah, Manojkumar V Chaudhari, Suresh B Patankar, Shrikant V Pensalwar4, Vilas P Sabale, Navneet A Sonawane. Evaluation of a multi-herb supplement for erectile dysfunction: a randomized double-blind,placebo-controlled study// Shah et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012, 12:155, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/12/155
8. СГР № RU.77.99.11.003.Е.014096.04.11 от 08.04.2011
9. J. Waynberg, “Yohimbine vs. muira puama in the treatment of sexual dysfunction,”The American Journal of Natural Medicine, vol. 1, pp. 8–9, 1994.
10. Tobias S. Köhler, Kevin T. McVary. Contemporary Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Clinical Guide, p. 144//Springer, 2016. ISBN 3319315870, 9783319315874
11. Mendes FR, Carlini EA, Brazilian plants as possible adaptogens: an ethnopharmacological survey ofbooks edited in Brazil, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007, 109(3), 493-500
12. Piato AL, Rizon LP, Martins BS, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E (2009) Antidepressant profile of Ptychopetalum
olacoides Bentham (Marapuama) in mice. Phytother Res 23(4):519–524
13. A.L. Piato, B.C. Detanico, V.M. Linck, A.P. Herrmann, D.S. Nunes, E Elisabetsky. Anti-stress effects of the
"tonic"Ptychopetalum olacoides (Marapuama) in mice // Phytomedicine. 2010 Mar;17(3-4):248-53.
14. I.R. Siqueira, C Fochesatto, I L S Torres, A L da Silva, D S Nunes, E Elisabetsky, C A Netto. Antioxidant activities
of Ptychopetalum olacoides ("muirapuama") in mice brain // Phytomedicine. 2007 Nov;14(11):763-9. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.12.007. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
15. Figueiró M, Ilha J, Linck VM, Herrmann AP, Nardin P, Menezes CB, Achaval M, Gonçalves CA, Porciúncula LO,
Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. The Amazonian herbal Marapuama attenuates cognitive impairment and neuroglial degeneration in a mouse
Alzheimer model. Phytomedicine. 2011 Feb 15;18(4):327-33. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.07.013. Epub 2010 Aug 23.
16. Figueiró M, Ilha J, etc. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in cognition-relevant brain areas of mice treated with a
nootropic Amazonian herbal (Marapuama) // Phytomedicine, 2010 Oct;17(12):956-62.
17. da Silva AL, Piato AL, Bardini S, Netto CA, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E Memory retrieval improvement by
Ptychopetalum olacoides in young and aging mice.// J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Dec;95(2-3):199-203. doi:
10.1016/j.jep.2004.07.019.PMID: 15507336
18. da Silva AL, Piato AL, Ferreira JG, Martins BS, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. Promnesic effects of Ptychopetalum
olacoides in aversive and non-aversive learning paradigms.// J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Feb 12;109(3):449-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.08.022. Epub 2006 Aug 30.PMID: 17023132
19. da Silva AL, Ferreira JG, da Silva Martins B, Oliveira S, Mai N, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. Serotonin receptors
contribute to the promnesic effects of P. olacoides (Marapuama). // Physiol Behav. 2008 Sep 3;95(1-2):88-92. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.04.022. Epub 2008 May 1.PMID: 18561960
20. da Silva AL, Silva Martins Bd, Linck Vde M, Herrmann AP, Mai N, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. MK801- and
scopolamine-induced amnesias are reversed by an Amazonian herbal locally used as a "brain tonic".
21. Beltrame FL, Filho ER, Barros FA, Cortez DA, Cass QB, A validated higher-performance liquid chromatography
method for quantification of cinchonain Ib in bark and phytopharmaceuticals of Trichilia catigua used as Catuaba, Journal of
Chromatography, 2006,1119(1-2), 257-263;
22. Boquett Lagos J., Bruel Gemin C.A., de Fátima Gaspari Dias J., Dallarmi Miguel M., Campos R., de Souza
Carvalho J.L., do Rocio Duarte M. Gomes M.O. Contribution to the Study of Phytosterols and Phenolics from the Barks and Leaves of
the Trichilia catigua A. Juss., Meliaceae // Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation, 2012, 2, 37-41
23. Tang W., Hioki H., Harada K., Kubo M., Fukuyama Y. Antioxidant phenylpropanoid-substituted epicatechins from Trichilia catigua. // J. Nat. Prod. 2007, 70(12), рр.2010-2013.
24. Rafael C. Dutra, Maria M. Camposc, Adair R.S. Santos, João B. Calixto. Medicinal plants in Brazil: Pharmacological studies, drug discovery, challenges and perspectives // Pharmacological Research 112 (2016) 4–29
25. Longhini R, Lonni AASG, Sereia AL, Krzyzaniak LM, Lopes GC, de Mello JCP. Trichilia catigua: therapeutic and
cosmetic values. Braz J Pharmacogn. 2017;27:254–71;
26. Kamdem JP, Olalekan EO, Hassan W, Kade IJ, Yetunde O, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Souza DO, Rocha JBT. Trichilia
catigua (Catuaba) bark extract exerts neuroprotection against oxidative stress induced by different neurotoxic agents in rat hippocampal
slices. Ind Crop Prod. 2013;50:625–32;
27. Chassot JM, Longhini R, Gazarini L, Mello JCP, De Oliveira RMW. Preclinical evaluation of Trichilia catigua extracts on
the central nervous system of mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;137:1143–8;
28. Martins NO, de Brito IM, Araujo SSO, Negri G, Carlini EA, Mendes FR (2018) Antioxidant, anticholinesterase and
antifatigue effects of Trichilia catigua (catuaba). BMC Complement Alternat Med 18:172.
29. Kletter C, Glasi S, Presser A, Werner I, Reznicek G etal, Morphological, chemical and functional analysis of catuaba
preparations, Planta Medica, 2004, 70(10), 993-1000.
30. Mendes FR, Carlini EA, Brazilian plants as possible adaptogens: an ethnopharmacological survey of books edited in
Brazil, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007, 109(3), 493-500;
31. Chassot JM, Longhini R, Gazarini L, Mello JC, de Oliveira RM, Preclinical evaluation of Trichilia catigua extracts on the central nervous system of mice, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011, 137(3), 1143-1148.
32. Viana AF, Maciel IS, Motta EM, Leal PC, Pianowski L, Campos MM, Calixto JB. Antinociceptive activity of Trichilia catigua hydroalcoholic extract: new evidence on its dopaminergic effects. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2011;
33. Truiti M.T., Soares L., Longhini R., Milani H., Nakamura C.V., Mello J.C., de Oliveira R.M. Trichilia catigua ethyl-acetate
fraction protects against cognitive impairments and hippocampal cell death induced by bilateral common carotid occlusion in mice. // J.
Ethnopharmacol. 2015, 172, рр.232-237;
34. Campos MM, Fernandes ES, Ferreira J, Santos ARS, Calixto JB. Antidepressant-like effects of Trichilia catigua
(Catuaba) extract: evidence for dopaminergic-mediated mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005;182:45–53.
35. Viana AF, Maciel IS, Motta EM, Leal PC, Pianowski L, Campos MM, Calixto JB. Antinociceptive activity of Trichilia catigua hydroalcoholic extract: new evidence on its dopaminergic effects. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2011
36. Patent Publication Number WO/1999/002172. Publication Date21.01.1999. PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
COMPRISING VEGETAL MATERIAL SELECTED FROM TRICHILIA.
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO1999002172&tab=PCTDESCRIPTION
37. Патентные описания к заявкам WO2007016756A1 https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2007016756A1/en и DE10140320A1 https://patents.google.com/patent/DE10140320A1/en
38. Oliveira C.H., Moraes M.E., Moraes M.O., Bezerra F.A., Abib E., De Nucci G. Clinical toxicology study of an herbal
medicinal extract of Paullinia cupana, Trichilia catigua, Ptychopetalum olacoides and Zingiber officinale (Catuama) in healthy volunteers.
// Phytother. Res. 2005, 19(1), рр.54-57.
39. Calixto, J.B., Cabrini, D.A., 1997. Herbal medicine Catuama induces endothelium-dependent and -independent vasorelaxant action on isolated vessels from rats,guinea-pigs and rabbits. Phytother. Res. 11, 32–38.
40. Ахвледиани, Н.Д. Эректильная дисфункция: современное состояние проблемы / Н. Д. Ахвледиани, С. Н. Алленов и др. // Медицинский совет. – 2015. – Вып. 2. – С. 28–32.
41. E. Antunes, W.M. Gordo, J.F. Oliveira, C.E. Teixeira, S. Hyslop, G. NucciThe relaxation of isolated rabbit corpus
cavernosum by the herbal medicine Catuama® and its constituents. Phytother. Res., 15 (2001), pp. 416-421
42. Longhini R, Lonni AASG, Sereia AL, Krzyzaniak LM, Lopes GC, de Mello JCP. Trichilia catigua: therapeutic and
cosmetic values. Braz J Pharmacogn. 2017;27:254–71
5. R. Shamloul, “Natural aphrodisiacs,” Journal of SexualMedicine, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 39–49, 2010
6. I.R. Siqueira,D.R. Lara,D. Silva,F.S. Gaieski,D.S. Nunes &E. Elisabetsky. Psychopharmacological Properties of Ptychopetalum Olacoides bentham (Olacaceae) // ISSN: 1388-0209 (Print) 1744-5116 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/iphb20
7. Gaurang R Shah, Manojkumar V Chaudhari, Suresh B Patankar, Shrikant V Pensalwar4, Vilas P Sabale, Navneet A Sonawane. Evaluation of a multi-herb supplement for erectile dysfunction: a randomized double-blind,placebo-controlled study// Shah et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012, 12:155, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/12/155
8. СГР № RU.77.99.11.003.Е.014096.04.11 от 08.04.2011
9. J. Waynberg, “Yohimbine vs. muira puama in the treatment of sexual dysfunction,”The American Journal of Natural Medicine, vol. 1, pp. 8–9, 1994.
10. Tobias S. Köhler, Kevin T. McVary. Contemporary Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Clinical Guide, p. 144//Springer, 2016. ISBN 3319315870, 9783319315874
11. Mendes FR, Carlini EA, Brazilian plants as possible adaptogens: an ethnopharmacological survey ofbooks edited in Brazil, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007, 109(3), 493-500
12. Piato AL, Rizon LP, Martins BS, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E (2009) Antidepressant profile of Ptychopetalum
olacoides Bentham (Marapuama) in mice. Phytother Res 23(4):519–524
13. A.L. Piato, B.C. Detanico, V.M. Linck, A.P. Herrmann, D.S. Nunes, E Elisabetsky. Anti-stress effects of the
"tonic"Ptychopetalum olacoides (Marapuama) in mice // Phytomedicine. 2010 Mar;17(3-4):248-53.
14. I.R. Siqueira, C Fochesatto, I L S Torres, A L da Silva, D S Nunes, E Elisabetsky, C A Netto. Antioxidant activities
of Ptychopetalum olacoides ("muirapuama") in mice brain // Phytomedicine. 2007 Nov;14(11):763-9. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.12.007. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
15. Figueiró M, Ilha J, Linck VM, Herrmann AP, Nardin P, Menezes CB, Achaval M, Gonçalves CA, Porciúncula LO,
Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. The Amazonian herbal Marapuama attenuates cognitive impairment and neuroglial degeneration in a mouse
Alzheimer model. Phytomedicine. 2011 Feb 15;18(4):327-33. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.07.013. Epub 2010 Aug 23.
16. Figueiró M, Ilha J, etc. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in cognition-relevant brain areas of mice treated with a
nootropic Amazonian herbal (Marapuama) // Phytomedicine, 2010 Oct;17(12):956-62.
17. da Silva AL, Piato AL, Bardini S, Netto CA, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E Memory retrieval improvement by
Ptychopetalum olacoides in young and aging mice.// J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Dec;95(2-3):199-203. doi:
10.1016/j.jep.2004.07.019.PMID: 15507336
18. da Silva AL, Piato AL, Ferreira JG, Martins BS, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. Promnesic effects of Ptychopetalum
olacoides in aversive and non-aversive learning paradigms.// J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Feb 12;109(3):449-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.08.022. Epub 2006 Aug 30.PMID: 17023132
19. da Silva AL, Ferreira JG, da Silva Martins B, Oliveira S, Mai N, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. Serotonin receptors
contribute to the promnesic effects of P. olacoides (Marapuama). // Physiol Behav. 2008 Sep 3;95(1-2):88-92. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.04.022. Epub 2008 May 1.PMID: 18561960
20. da Silva AL, Silva Martins Bd, Linck Vde M, Herrmann AP, Mai N, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. MK801- and
scopolamine-induced amnesias are reversed by an Amazonian herbal locally used as a "brain tonic".
21. Beltrame FL, Filho ER, Barros FA, Cortez DA, Cass QB, A validated higher-performance liquid chromatography
method for quantification of cinchonain Ib in bark and phytopharmaceuticals of Trichilia catigua used as Catuaba, Journal of
Chromatography, 2006,1119(1-2), 257-263;
22. Boquett Lagos J., Bruel Gemin C.A., de Fátima Gaspari Dias J., Dallarmi Miguel M., Campos R., de Souza
Carvalho J.L., do Rocio Duarte M. Gomes M.O. Contribution to the Study of Phytosterols and Phenolics from the Barks and Leaves of
the Trichilia catigua A. Juss., Meliaceae // Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation, 2012, 2, 37-41
23. Tang W., Hioki H., Harada K., Kubo M., Fukuyama Y. Antioxidant phenylpropanoid-substituted epicatechins from Trichilia catigua. // J. Nat. Prod. 2007, 70(12), рр.2010-2013.
24. Rafael C. Dutra, Maria M. Camposc, Adair R.S. Santos, João B. Calixto. Medicinal plants in Brazil: Pharmacological studies, drug discovery, challenges and perspectives // Pharmacological Research 112 (2016) 4–29
25. Longhini R, Lonni AASG, Sereia AL, Krzyzaniak LM, Lopes GC, de Mello JCP. Trichilia catigua: therapeutic and
cosmetic values. Braz J Pharmacogn. 2017;27:254–71;
26. Kamdem JP, Olalekan EO, Hassan W, Kade IJ, Yetunde O, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Souza DO, Rocha JBT. Trichilia
catigua (Catuaba) bark extract exerts neuroprotection against oxidative stress induced by different neurotoxic agents in rat hippocampal
slices. Ind Crop Prod. 2013;50:625–32;
27. Chassot JM, Longhini R, Gazarini L, Mello JCP, De Oliveira RMW. Preclinical evaluation of Trichilia catigua extracts on
the central nervous system of mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;137:1143–8;
28. Martins NO, de Brito IM, Araujo SSO, Negri G, Carlini EA, Mendes FR (2018) Antioxidant, anticholinesterase and
antifatigue effects of Trichilia catigua (catuaba). BMC Complement Alternat Med 18:172.
29. Kletter C, Glasi S, Presser A, Werner I, Reznicek G etal, Morphological, chemical and functional analysis of catuaba
preparations, Planta Medica, 2004, 70(10), 993-1000.
30. Mendes FR, Carlini EA, Brazilian plants as possible adaptogens: an ethnopharmacological survey of books edited in
Brazil, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007, 109(3), 493-500;
31. Chassot JM, Longhini R, Gazarini L, Mello JC, de Oliveira RM, Preclinical evaluation of Trichilia catigua extracts on the central nervous system of mice, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011, 137(3), 1143-1148.
32. Viana AF, Maciel IS, Motta EM, Leal PC, Pianowski L, Campos MM, Calixto JB. Antinociceptive activity of Trichilia catigua hydroalcoholic extract: new evidence on its dopaminergic effects. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2011;
33. Truiti M.T., Soares L., Longhini R., Milani H., Nakamura C.V., Mello J.C., de Oliveira R.M. Trichilia catigua ethyl-acetate
fraction protects against cognitive impairments and hippocampal cell death induced by bilateral common carotid occlusion in mice. // J.
Ethnopharmacol. 2015, 172, рр.232-237;
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- 使用建议：成人每次 2 粒，每日 3 次，于进餐开始时服用。建议连续服用 20 天；如有需要，可重复服用。
- 剂型：含液体植物提取物的胶囊，每粒净含量 830 mg。
- 每盒数量：120 粒。
- 使用建议：成人每次 2 粒，每日 3 次，于进餐开始时服用。建议连续服用 20 天；如有需要，可重复服用。
- 剂型：含液体植物提取物的胶囊，每粒净含量 830 mg。
- 每盒数量：120 粒。
每日服用 6 粒可提供：
每日服用 6 粒可提供：
AUP——根据《需接受卫生与流行病学监督（控制）的商品统一卫生、流行病学与卫生要求》附录 5 规定的适宜摄入量水平。
禁忌：对成分个体不耐受者不建议使用。使用前建议咨询医生。
国家注册证书：№ RU.77.99.11.003.R.004967.12.21（2021-12-27）— 打开文件
禁忌：对成分个体不耐受者不建议使用。使用前建议咨询医生。
国家注册证书：№ RU.77.99.11.003.R.004967.12.21（2021-12-27）— 打开文件
AUP——根据《需接受卫生与流行病学监督（控制）的商品统一卫生、流行病学与卫生要求》附录 5 规定的适宜摄入量水平。
禁忌：对成分个体不耐受者不建议使用。使用前建议咨询医生。
国家注册证书：№ RU.77.99.11.003.R.004967.12.21（2021-12-27）— 打开文件
禁忌：对成分个体不耐受者不建议使用。使用前建议咨询医生。
国家注册证书：№ RU.77.99.11.003.R.004967.12.21（2021-12-27）— 打开文件
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